Density and Load Factors of Common Construction Materials

Description	Item
Plant Constants	The tables given hereafter are a guide only and apart from “Trucks and Haulage”, are based on information given in the Reference Handbook issued by the “Caterpillar Tractor Co”. All plant references are to “Caterpillar” equipment.
Density and Load Factors	Whilst measured quantities are generally ‘in situ’ or ‘in place’ quantities, the actual quantity to be removed and/or spread and levelled is, in practical terms, the ‘loose’ volume. The following table indicates the approximate density (weight) and load factor of common materials. Approximate Density and Load Factor of Common Materials

Material	State of Material	Density		Density
		Insitu kg/m3	Load Factor	Loose kg/m3
Clay	Dry excavated	1,840	0.81	1,480
	Wet excavated	2,080	0.8	1,660
Clay and Gravel	Dry	1,660	0.71	1,420
	Wet	1,840	0.9	1,540
Decomposed Rock	75% Rock, 25% Earth	2,790	0.7	1,960
	50% Rock, 50% Earth	2,280	0.75	1,720
	25% Rock, 75% Earth	1,960	0.8	1,570
Earth	Wet excavated	2,020	0.79	1,600
Gravel	Pitrun	2,170	0.89	1,930
	Dry	1,690	0.89	1,510
Sand	Dry, loose	1,600	0.89	1,420
	Wet	2,080	0.89	1,840
Sand and Gravel	Dry	1,930	0.89	1,720
	Wet	2,230	0.91	2,020
Stone	Crushed	2,670	0.6	1,600
Top Soil		1,370	0.7	950